PHP and MongoDB Web Development Beginner's Guide. Combine the power of PHP and MongoDB to build dynamic web 2.0 applications

PHP and MongoDB Web Development Beginner's Guide. Combine the power of PHP and MongoDB to build dynamic web 2.0 applications - Opis

With the rise of Web 2.0, the need for a highly scalable database, capable of storing diverse user-generated content is increasing. MongoDB, an open-source, non-relational database has stepped up to meet this demand and is being used in some of the most popular websites in the world. MongoDB is one of the NoSQL databases which is gaining popularity for developing PHP Web 2.0 applications.PHP and MongoDB Web Development Beginner‚Äôs Guide is a fast-paced, hands-on guide to get started with web application development using PHP and MongoDB. The book follows a ‚ÄúCode first, explain later‚Äù approach, using practical examples in PHP to demonstrate unique features of MongoDB. It does not overwhelm you with information (or starve you of it), but gives you enough to get a solid practical grasp on the concepts.The book starts by introducing the underlying concepts of MongoDB. Each chapter contains practical examples in PHP that teache specific features of the database.The book teaches you to build a blogging application, handle user sessions and authentication, and perform aggregation with MapReduce. You will learn unique MongoDB features and solve interesting problems like real-time analytics, location-aware web apps etc. You will be guided to use MongoDB alongside MySQL to build a diverse data back-end.With its concise coverage of concepts and numerous practical examples, PHP and MongoDB Web Development Beginner‚Äôs Guide is the right choice for the PHP developer to get started with learning MongoDB. Spis treści:
PHP and MongoDB Web Development
Table of (...) więcej Contents
PHP and MongoDB Web Development
Credits
About the Author
About the Reviewers
www.PacktPub.com
Support files, eBooks, discount offers and more
Why Subscribe?
Free Access for Packt account holders
Preface
What this book covers
What you need for this book
Who this book is for
Conventions
Time for action - heading
What just happened?
Pop Quiz - heading
Have a go hero heading
Reader feedback
Customer support
Downloading the example code
Errata
Piracy
Questions
1. Getting Started with MongoDB
The NoSQL movement
Types of NoSQL databases
MongoDB A document-based NoSQL database
Why MongoDB?
Who is using MongoDB?
MongoDB conceptsDatabases, collections, and documents
Anatomy of document
BSONThe data exchange format for MongoDB
Similarity with relational databases
Downloading, installing, and running MongoDB
System requirements
Time for action - downloading and running MongoDB on Windows
What just happened?
Installing the 64-bit version
Time for action - downloading and running MongoDB on Linux
What just happened?
Installing MongoDB on OS X
Configuring MongoDB
Command-line parameters
File-based configuration
Have a go hero configure MongoDB to run with non-default settings
Stopping MongoDB
Hitting Control + C
From the mongo shell
Sending INT or TERM signal in UNIX
Creating databases, collections, and documents
Time for action - creating databases, collections, and documents
What just happened?
Pop Quiz - configuring MongoDB
Installing the PHP driver for MongoDB
Time for action - installing PHP driver for MongoDB on Windows
What just happened?
Installing the PHP-MongoDB driver on Unix
Connecting to the MongoDB server from PHP
Creating a PHP-Mongo connection
Time for action - creating a connection to the MongoDB server from PHP
What just happened?
Configuring the PHP-MongoDB connection
Specifying timeout for the connection attempt
Have a go hero connect to a MongoDB server on a networked computer
Summary
2. Building your First MongoDB Powered Web App
A MongoDB powered blog
Have the MongoDB server running
Inserting documents in MongoDB
Time for action - building the Blog Post Creator
What just happened?
Creating databases and collections implicitly
Performing safe' inserts
Benefits of safe inserts
Specifying a timeout on insert
Setting the user generated _id
The MongoDate object
Have a go hero allow storing tags for an article
Querying documents in a collection
Time for action - retrieving articles from a database
What just happened?
The Mongo Query Language
The MongoCursor object
Conditional Queries
Pop Quiz - what does this query do?
Doing advanced queries in MongoDB
Time for action - building the Blog Dashboard
What just happened?
Returning a subset of fields
Sorting the query results
Using count, skip, and limit
Performing range queries on dates
Have a go hero rewrite blogs.php
Updating documents in MongoDB
Time for action - building the Blog Editor
What just happened?
Optional arguments to the update method
Performing 'upsert'
Using update versus using save
Using modifier operations
Setting with $set
Incrementing with $inc
Deleting fields with $unset
Renaming fields with $rename
Have a go hero merge Blog editor and creator into a single module
Deleting documents in MongoDB
Time for action - deleting blog posts
What just happened?
Optional arguments to remove
Managing relationships between documents
Embedded documents
Referenced documents
Time for action - posting comments to blog posts
What just happened?
Embedded versus referenced Which one to use?
Querying embedded objects
Have a go hero get comments by username
Summary
3. Building a Session Manager
Understanding HTTP sessions
Understanding PHP native session handling
Time for action - testing native PHP session handling
What just happened?
Limitations of native PHP session handling
Implementing session handling with MongoDB
Extending session handling with session_set_save_handler
The SessionManager class
Time for action - building the SessionManager class
What just happened?
How the SessionManager works
The constructor
The open and close methods
The read method
The write method
The destroy method
The gc method
Pop Quiz - what does session_destroy() do?
Putting the SessionManager in action
Time for action - putting SessionManager into action
What just happened?
Building the user authentication module
Time for action - building the User class
What just happened?
Creating the login, logout, and user profile page
Time for action - creating the login, logout, and profile page
What just happened?
Have a go hero implement user authentication in the blogging web app
Using good session practices
Setting low expiry times of session cookies
Using session timeouts
Setting proper domains for session cookies
Checking for browser consistency
Have a go hero store and verify User Agent in SessionManager
Summary
4. Aggregation Queries
Generating sample data
Time for action - generating sample data
What just happened?
Understanding MapReduce
Visualizing MapReduce
Pop Quiz - MapReduce basics
Performing MapReduce in MongoDB
Time for action - counting the number of articles for each author
What just happened?
Defining the Map function
Defining the Reduce function
Applying the Map and Reduce
Viewing the results
Performing MapReduce on a subset of the collection
Concurrency
Performing MongoDB MapReduce within PHP
Time for action - creating a tag cloud
What just happened?
Have a go hero repeat the earlier example with PHP
Performing aggregation using group()
Time for action - calculating the average rating per author
What just happened?
Grouping by custom keys
MapReduce versus group()
Have a go hero find the maximum and minimum rating for each author
Pop Quiz - limitation of group()
Listing distinct values for a field
Time for action - listing distinct categories of articles
What just happened?
Using distinct() in mongo shell
Counting documents with count()
Summary
5. Web Analytics using MongoDB
Why MongoDB is a good choice as a web analytics backend
Logging with MongoDB
Time for action - logging page visits with MongoDB
What just happened?
Capped collections
Sorting in natural order
Updating and deleting documents in a capped collection
Specifying the size of a regular collection
Convert a regular collection to a capped one
Pop Quiz - capped collection
Extracting analytics data with MapReduce
Time for action - finding total views and average response time per blog post
What just happened?
The map, reduce, and finalize functions
Displaying the result
Running MapReduce in real time versus running it in the background
Have a go hero find out usage share of browsers for the site
Real-time analytics using MongoDB
Time for action - building a real-time page visit counter
What just happened?
Have a go hero get unique page visits in real time
Summary
6. Using MongoDB with Relational Databases
The motivation behind using MongoDB and an RDBMS together
Potential use cases
Defining the relational model
Time for action - creating the database in MySQL
What just happened?
Caching aggregation results in MongoDB
Time for action - storing the daily sales history of products in MongoDB
What just happened
Benefits of caching queries in MongoDB
Storing results of expensive JOINs
Have a go hero replacing Views with MongoDB
Using MongoDB for data archiving
Time for action - archiving old sales records in MongoDB
What just happened?
Challenges in archiving and migration
Dealing with foreign key constraints
Preserving data types
Storing metadata in MongoDB
Time for action - using MongoDB to store customer metadata
What just happened?
Problems with using MongoDB and RDBMS together
Summary
7. Handling Large Files with GridFS
What is GridFS?
The rationale of GridFS
The specification
Advantages over the filesystem
Pop Quiz - what is the maximum size of BSON objects?
Storing files in GridFS
Time for action - uploading images to GridFS
What just happened?
Looking under the hood
Have a go hero perform multiple file uploads in GridFS
Serving files from GridFS
Time for action - serving images from GridFS
What just happened?
Updating metdata of a file
Deleting files
Have a go hero create an image gallery with GridFS
Reading files in chunks
Time for action - reading images in chunks
What just happened?
When should you not use GridFS
Summary
8. Building Location-aware Web Applications with MongoDB and PHP
A geolocation primer
Methods to determine location
Pop Quiz - locating a smartphone
Detecting the location of a web page visitor
The W3C Geolocation API
Browsers that support geolocation
Time for action - detecting location with W3C API
What just happened?
The Geolocation object
The getCurrentPosition() method
Drawing the map using the Google Maps API
Geospatial indexing
Time for action - creating geospatial indexes
What just happened?
Geospatial indexing Important things to know
Performing location queries
Time for action - finding restaurants near your location
What just happened?
The geoNear() command
Bounded queries
Geospatial haystack indexing
Time for action - finding nearby restaurants that serve burgers
What just happened?
Summary
9. Improving Security and Performance
Enhancing query performance using indexes
Time for action - creating an index on a MongoDB collection
What just happened?
The _id index
Unique indexes
Compound keys indexes
Indexing embedded document fields
Indexing array fields
Deleting indexes
When indexing cannot be used
Indexing guidelines
Choose the keys wisely
Keep an eye on the index size
Avoid using low-selectivity single key indexes
Be aware of indexing costs
On a live database, run indexing in the background
Pop Quiz - the indexing MCQ test
Have a go hero implement search in the blogging application
Optimizing queries
Explaining queries using explain()
Optimization rules
Have a go hero compare outputs of explain() for indexed and non-indexed queries
Using hint()
Profiling queries
Understanding the output
Optimization rules
Securing MongoDB
Time for action - adding user authentication in MongoDB
What just happened?
Creating an admin user
Creating regular user
Viewing, changing, and deleting user accounts
User authentication through PHP driver
Have a go hero modify DBConnection class to add user authentication
Filtering user input
Running MongoDB server in a secure environment
Ensuring data durability
Journaling
Performance
Using fsync
Replication
Pop Quiz - flushing data to disk
Summary
10. Easy MongoDB Administration with RockMongo and phpMoAdmin
Administering MongoDB with RockMongo
Time for action - installing RockMongo on your computer
What just happened?
Exploring data with RockMongo
Querying
Updating, deleting, and creating documents
Importing and exporting data
Viewing stats
Miscellaneous
Using phpMoAdmin to administer MongoDB
Time for action - installing phpMoAdmin on your computer
What just happened?
Viewing databases and collections
Querying documents
Saving and deleting objects
Importing and exporting data
Viewing stats
Other features
RockMongo versus phpMoAdmin
The verdict
Summary
A. Pop Quiz Answers
Chapter 1, Getting Started with MongoDB
Chapter 2, Building your First MongoDB Powered Web App
Chapter 3, Building a Session Manager
Chapter 4, Aggregation Queries
Chapter 5, Web Analytics using MongoDB
Chapter 7, Handling Large Files with GridFS
Chapter 8, Building Location-aware Web Applications with MongoDB and PHP
Chapter 9, Improving Security and Performance
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